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Lightning and other surges

What is a Nickle (direct lightning)?

  • A direct strike is a phenomenon in which lightning strikes a structure, equipment, power line, etc. directly .

  • In this case, voltages exceeding approximately 20 kV and overcurrents exceeding several kA to 300 kA may occur, which may cause physical damage to structures or equipment, rupture, fire, hardware damage , etc.

Other bibliography (bibliography type)

Depending on the cause of occurrence, surges are classified as follows:

1. Lightning surge

  • Direct lightning : Same as the nick lightning (direct lightning) described above.

  • Indirect lightning : A phenomenon in which lightning strikes a power transmission line, communication line, etc. and a surge is transmitted through the line. This occurs most frequently and causes great damage as large amounts of energy of 6,000 V or more are generated.

  • Induced lightning : A surge induced through conductors such as buried power lines, communication lines, and metal pipes when lightning strikes the nearby ground . The ground potential rises sharply, causing high voltage and current to flow in.

  • Lightning discharge : A phenomenon in which an electric charge induced by a discharge between clouds and the ground, within a cloud, or between clouds flows to power lines, metal objects, or the ground, damaging equipment.

2. Opening and closing surge

  • Switching surge is a surge that occurs during electrical switching operations such as switching large-capacity equipment, switching inductive loads, and starting .

  • It is divided into external opening and internal opening.

3. System failure

  • System fault surges are surges that occur due to ground faults, momentary power outages, and other faults in the power system .

4. Other bibliography

  • Electrostatic discharge : A surge caused by electrostatic discharge.

  • Nuclear explosions, electromagnetic pulses : Also includes electromagnetic pulses (EMPs) from high-altitude nuclear explosions or electromagnetic pulses.

Key Features and Impacts of Surge

  • A surge is an AC voltage condition that increases by 5 to 20% above the normal voltage, or a momentary voltage/current spike lasting from nanoseconds to milliseconds .

  • It can be caused by various reasons such as lightning, opening and closing, and electrostatic discharge, and can cause damage such as electronic device malfunction, damage, and fire .

Note: Surge protection measures

  • A variety of protective devices are used, including surge protective devices (SPDs) , lightning rods , and grounding systems .

Types of lightning surges

division

explanation

Main Damage and Features

Direct call

Lightning strikes directly onto structures, equipment, etc.

Physical damage, fire, overcurrent/overvoltage

Indirect lightning

Lightning strikes on power transmission lines, communication lines, etc., surge conduction through the lines

Large energy, frequent, equipment damage

Torpedo

Lightning strikes to nearby ground are induced through conductors (power lines, etc.)

Ground potential rise, high voltage and high current inflow

Lightning discharge

Charges induced by cloud/ground/intracloud/intercloud discharges are introduced into the equipment.

Damage to power lines and metal objects

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